Flooding from groundwater can happen when the level of water within the rock or soil that makes up the land surface (known as the water table) rises.

Lead local flood authorities (the unitary or county council) are responsible for managing the risk of flooding from groundwater.

The Environment Agency has a strategic overview for all sources of flooding including groundwater. They supply information in the form of monitored groundwater levels. In some areas that have historically experienced groundwater flooding, the Environment Agency provide a groundwater alert or warning service.

The Environment Agency also produce monthly water situation reports based on data provided by themselves, the Met Office and water companies.

Before you can submit a business case for technical and financial approval, your project, strategy or study must be included in the programme of flood and coastal risk management schemes. Find out how to submit your flood or coastal erosion risk management project proposal to be included in the programme.

You’ll need technical and financial approval before you can claim FCERM grant payments.

1. Contact the local Environment Agency Area Flood and Coastal Risk Manager (AFCRM) who is your local contact

Tell your local Environment Agency contact that you’re starting your appraisal – you can ask them for help and advice.

You should also agree a submission date together.

Tell your local Environment Agency contact when you start to write a business case or a Strategy Appraisal Report (StAR), or if the whole life cost of your project is likely to exceed £50 million. The Environment Agency tells the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) about projects with an estimated whole life cost of more than £50 million.

2. Develop your business case

This stage identifies the preferred approach to reduce the risk of flood or coastal erosion. The outcome of the appraisal process is a business case for the project you are developing.

You must carry out an appraisal.

By following the Environment Agency’s appraisal guidance your project will keep to Defra’s policy statement.

The appraisal process applies to new and on-going flood and coastal erosion risk management (FCERM) strategies and projects funded by government. This includes those carried out by maritime local authorities. They have coastal erosion responsibilities under the Coast Protection Act 1949.

More appraisal guidance for specific tasks during an appraisal includes:

• FCERM economic appraisal spreadsheet to assist economic analysis
• appraisal summary table supporting note to enable the clear presentation of negative and positive impacts. This helps the consideration of wider issues within the appraisal
• apply the scoring and weighting methodology to complete economic valuations of more intangible benefit types
• adapting to climate change to demonstrate how risk management authorities can account for climate change within their FCERM investment decisions
• risk to people guidance to provide a method for the evaluation of the risk to life associated with flood risks
• interim guidance note to take account of Defra’s policy on socio-economic equity and appraisal of human-related impacts of flooding
• treatment of risk to describe the latest approach to project optimism bias

There is also supporting guidance for tasks that you do in certain circumstances during an appraisal:

• economic evaluation of environmental effects assists in applying a monetary value to environmental effects associated with FCERM schemes
• assessment of coastal erosion and landsliding provides guidance on coastal erosion, cliff instability and coastal landslides
• treatment of agricultural land provides an update on the valuation of agricultural land and output

3. How to apply

You need to use the right template and form. Send 2 copies of your completed business case and the forms to the local Environment Agency contact by e-mail or post. You can submit the copies on a CD/DVD.

3.1 Studies

Use the FCERM7 form to make an application to apply for funding to start a study or a strategy. You can present the study in a format of your choice. A strategy should be presented on the Strategy Appraisal Report (StAR) template which is available from your local Environment Agency contact.

A study could lead to a strategy, a management plan, investigate options for schemes of works, or investigate the environmental impacts of FCERM on an area of statutory environmental designation. The grant memorandum explains the full definition.

3.2 Schemes

Use the FCERM2 form to make an application for grant to undertake an FCERM scheme. There are 2 templates you can use to present the business case, depending on the value of the scheme:

• Short Form Business Case template to request approval of an FCERM scheme with a capital cost less than £2 million
• Business Case template to request approval of an FCERM scheme with a capital cost more than £2 million

3.3 Coastal erosion schemes

Use both forms for coastal erosion schemes:

• CPA1 – certificate of statutory consultations and response for coastal erosion schemes
• CPA2 – application for formal approval of coast protection project

3.4 Other requirements

You must complete a contributions and efficiencies data sheet for all schemes. Contact your local Environment Agency contact for a copy. You must also demonstrate compliance with the Equalities Act 2010.

Check with the local Environment Agency contact that your project has allocated funding. This might be an indicative allocation of government capital grant, partnership funding or a mixture of both.

4. Getting technical approval

Your application will be reviewed by the Environment Agency. The review provides you and the approving officer with assurance that the project:

• is good value for money
• can be completed within the budget and time stated in the business case

There are 4 assurance review categories. The assurance review can be carried out by the:

• Area Flood and Coastal Risk Manager (AFCRM) – value less than £500,000
• National Project Assurance Service (NPAS) – value less than £2 million
• National Project Assurance Board (NPAB) – value less than £10 million
• Large Projects Review Group (LPRG) – value exceeding £10 million

The monetary value of your application will decide the review category.

4.1 Assurance by AFCRM / NPAS / NPAB

We aim to give you the results of the review within 10 working days of receipt of the application. The review may recommend a discussion between you, the assurance reviewers and the local Environment Agency contact. Following the review, you may be asked to submit a revised application.

4.2 Assurance by the LPRG

The LPRG meets monthly. The local Environment Agency contact will tell LPRG when your application is due and sends it to them before the monthly submission date. You and the local Environment Agency contact will be asked to present the application by teleconference.

The LPRG will then complete the assurance review and send you the results. You may be asked to attend a meeting with the local Environment Agency contact and the LPRG to resolve complex issues. Following the review, you may be asked to submit a revised application.

5. Get financial approval (excluding coastal erosion work)

When the projected has been assured the local Environment Agency contact will submit the application and the assurance review record for financial approval.

Once approved, we will write to you with a grant approval number. You need this to apply for interim and final capital grant payments.

5.1 Coastal erosion work (excluding studies): tendering stage

The process is different for coastal erosion work (excluding studies). To get technical approval you should send a CPA1 and your business case to the local Environment Agency contact. After you got technical approval, you can ask for tenders to do the work.

To apply for formal grant approval you need to send the CPA2, with supporting information (the business case updated with tender prices and the tender assessment report) to the local Environment Agency contact.

After the tendering stage, your local Environment Agency contact will write to you with a grant approval number. This is needed to apply for capital grant-in-aid payments.

6. Exceptions to the process: emergency works

You do not need to wait for formal approval from the Environment Agency to carry out emergency works (section 5 (6) of the Coast Protection Act). If you intend to claim capital grant for emergency works you will need to seek both technical and financial approval as soon as possible. Note that approval is required from Natural England if you need to do emergency works on designated environmental sites – you will not be able to claim capital grant in aid without it.

Grant memorandum

The grant memorandum for local authorities and internal drainage boards provides a comprehensive explanation of the process you need to follow. You can get a copy of old versions by emailing LAIDBFINANCE@environment-agency.gov.uk.

Contact the Environment Agency

If you follow the conditions in this regulatory position statement (RPS), you can store waste incapacitant sprays, like CS and PAVA aerosol sprays used by the police, without an environmental permit for a waste operation.

Version 2

If you comply with the conditions in this regulatory position statement (RPS) you can use heat during the treatment of waste plastic for reuse without an environmental permit for a waste operation.

Version 5

Work out if your waste material complies with an European Union (EU) end of waste regulation or meets the end of waste test through a quality protocol (QP) or an individual assessment.

EU end of waste regulations

Your first step is to check whether your waste derived product needs to meet the requirements of an EU End of Waste Regulation. There is a regulation for the following waste types:

• iron, steel and aluminium scrap
• glass cullet
• copper scrap

Find the EU End of Waste Regulations on the European Commission website.

If the EU Regulation requirements cannot be met, then it remains waste. If you can meet them, end of waste is achieved.

Meet the end of waste test

If no EU End of Waste Regulation applies to your waste derived product, you need to make an end of waste assessment on the basis of the relevant case law on end of waste. The Court of Appeal OSS end of waste test generally represents all the case law requirements for the end of waste test.

This test assesses whether:

• the waste has been converted into a distinct and marketable product, this means:

  • the waste has been turned into a completely new product, for example a playground surface is produced from waste tyres
  • the new product is different from the original waste (minor changes to its composition may not be sufficient), for example non packaging plastic recycled material is processed to make new plastic products
  • there is a genuine market for the material so it will definitely be used – if it’s stored indefinitely with little prospect for use the material remains waste
• the processed substance can be used in exactly the same way as a non-waste
• the processed substance can be stored and used with no worse environmental effects when compared to the material it is intended to replace

Quality protocols

In England, Wales and Northern Ireland there are several QPs available. They are voluntary end of waste frameworks for specific wastes and end uses based on the relevant end of waste case law.

Check if a QP applies to your operation. What you are doing to your waste must meet the requirements set out in the relevant QP to demonstrate end of waste.

Generally QPs:

• ensure the product made from waste does not pose an unacceptable risk to human health or the environment
• increase market confidence in the quality of products made from waste and their potential value
• encourage greater waste recycling and recovery

For guidance on assessing whether excavated materials are classified as waste or not, or when developing or remediating land you can use the The Definition of Waste: Development Industry Code of Practice.

If your waste derived product does not meet the requirements in the relevant QP or meet the end of waste test, it will still be waste so you must comply with waste management controls. If you do not comply you could be committing an offence and face a penalty.

If there is no applicable QP, you will need to assess whether your waste derived product meets end of waste on a case by case basis using the OSS test.

Use the QP checker

Use the QP checker online tool to check if your waste derived aggregate or compost is compliant with a QP and is no longer waste.

Definition of waste assessment

In England, if you produce a product from waste you can ask the Environment Agency for an opinion on the waste status of your material.

If you want to ask for our opinion you must use the IsItWaste tool. There’s a charge to use this Service.

The IsItWaste tool holds a checklist which sets out the minimum information you’ll need to begin a Definition of Waste assessment.

You’ll need to:

• provide all the required information
• submit your proposal

We’ll then email you details on how to pay the interim charge of £750 plus VAT. Once we receive payment we’ll check you’ve provided the right information and in the correct format.

If you have, we’ll provide a cost estimate to do the full assessment. This will be based on £125 per hour plus VAT.

Once you’ve signed the charging agreement we’ll do the assessment and give you our opinion on the waste status of your material. We may need to ask for more information to complete the assessment.

You can also do a self-assessment to get an indicative outcome. Use the IsItWaste tool. There’s no charge to do a self-assessment.

If you operate in other parts of the UK, contact your environmental regulator to find out what services they provide.

If your material is no longer waste, you’ll also need to comply with all relevant product legislation, for example the registration, evaluation, authorisation and restriction of chemicals (REACH) regulations or groundwater authorisations.

End of waste: more information

• Defra’s legal definition of waste guidance
• Regulatory position statement: Regulation of materials under consideration for a QP
• EU Life+ project EQual: Ensuring Quality of waste derived products to achieve resource efficiency
• Material comparators for end of waste decisions: Manufactured fertilisers
• Material comparators for end of waste decisions: Applying waste derived materials to land