SEPA calls for nationwide feedback on proposed regulation of finfish aquaculture as consultation deadline approaches

date13 December 2018

The Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) is encouraging anyone interested in shaping the regulation of fish farming in Scotland, to ensure they have their say by Monday, 24 December.

Launched on 7 November, SEPA’s seven-week public consultation has been supported by a series of nine public engagement events across Scotland, designed to allow communities, NGOs, industry and public agencies to talk directly with specialist teams and provide direct feedback on our regulatory approach.

With the consultation due to close on Monday, 24 December, the agency is keen to ensure everyone has the opportunity to respond and have their say.

SEPA’s proposals to strengthen regulation of the sector, follows 16 months of work by the agency, including a 2017 consultation and one of Scotland’s largest and most comprehensive marine research projects into aquaculture, undertaken by SEPA, which found that Scottish salmon farm medicine is significantly impacting local marine environments.

The consultation is also informed by two Scottish Parliamentary committees, one of which concluded that “the status quo is not an option”, adding that the industry’s expansion goal “will be unsustainable and may cause irrecoverable damage to the environment” unless governance and practices are improved markedly.

SEPA’s draft Finfish Aquaculture Sector Plan is ambitious in its aspirations for an industry where in the future:

  • The Scottish finfish aquaculture sector recognises that protecting the environment is fundamental to its success and is foremost in all its plans and operations.
  • The sector is a world-leading innovator of ways to minimise the environmental footprint of food production and supply.
  • The sector has a strong and positive relationship with neighbouring users of the environment and the communities in which it operates.  It is valued nationally for its contribution to achieving global food security.

It is also clear that all operators in the sector will reach and maintain full compliance with Scotland’s environmental protection laws, with SEPA working to help as many operators as possible to move beyond compliance.

Specifically, SEPA’s firm, evidence based proposals for a revised regime that will strengthen the regulation of the sector include:

  • A NEW TIGHTER STANDARD FOR THE ORGANIC WASTE DEPOSITED BY FISH FARMS

Marine cage fish farming across Scotland operates using open-net cages.  Fish faeces; any uneaten food; used fish medicines and other chemical treatments escape from these cages into the marine environment.  The heavier, organic particles (the fish faeces and uneaten food) together with any medicines sticking to them are deposited on the sea floor.  Natural biological process then break down and assimilate the material over time.

The tighter standard limits the spatial extent of the mixing zone around farms.   The controls we will apply to these mixing zones will bring them into equivalence with modern practice on mixing zones for other waste effluent discharges into the sea, including those from urban waste water.

  • MORE POWERFUL MODELLING USING THE BEST AVAILABLE SCIENCE

The new regulatory framework will use new, more accurate computer modelling approaches that will improve our understanding of the risk to the local environment and allow assessment of the larger-scale impacts including interactions with other farms.  

The science about fish farming is very complex and these new approaches will bring the aquaculture sector up to date with the modelling practices which are being used for other industrial sectors where there is a longer history of operation and analysis.

  • ENHANCED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING & NEW ENFORCEMENT UNIT

Operators will be required to invest in more accurate monitoring, including of waste coming from fish farms.  The creation of a new enforcement unit will strengthen the checking and verifying of monitoring that fish farm operators are required to undertake.  SEPA will also increase and strengthen monitoring of the impact of fish farms in surrounding areas.

  • NEW INTERIM APPROACH FOR CONTROLLING THE USE OF EMAMECTIN BENZOATE

SEPA has asked the UK Technical Advisory Group (UK TAG), a partnership of the UK environment and conservation agencies, to make recommendations on new environmental standards for Emamectin Benzoate to the Scottish Government.  UK TAG was established by the governments of the different parts of the UK to oversee the scientific process of developing the environmental standards used across the UK for protecting the water environment.

UK TAG is in the process of developing its recommendations.  This includes obtaining and considering independent scientific peer reviews of the evidence.  After UK TAG makes its recommendations to the Scottish Government, Scottish Government will consult on draft directions on the establishment of new environmental standards.

While this UK TAG work continues, SEPA will adopt a precautionary principle position which imposes a much tighter interim standard for the use of Emamectin Benzoate at any new site.  This is based on the now substantial weight of scientific evidence that the existing standards do not adequately protect marine life.  This interim standard will set a limit so low that it will, effectively, mean Emamectin Benzoate can only be discharged in very limited quantities at any new site.

  • NEW APPROACH TO SUSTAINABLE SITING OF FARMS

The combination of the new standard, the more accurate model and enhanced monitoring will allow the siting of farms in the most appropriate areas where the environment can assimilate wastes.  It will also allow SEPA to better match biomass to the capacity available in the environment and continue to assess that through the operation of the site. This may allow for the approval of larger farms than would have been traditionally approved previously, provided they are appropriately sited in sustainable locations.

Overall, the proposals will combine to encourage operators to site and operate their fish farms in environmentally less sensitive waters and use improved practices and technologies to reduce environmental impact.

In practice, we anticipate this will lead to fewer fish farms in shallower, slow-flowing waters and more fish farms in deeper and faster-flowing waters.  We also anticipate it will encourage the adoption of new technologies such as partial and full containment to capture organic waste and any remaining medical residues. SEPA has seen some industry operators successfully developing new approaches such as non-chemical ways of managing fish health. Our new regime will support these encouraging developments.

As one of a number of organisations regulating finfish aquaculture, SEPA believes its proposals have the potential to significantly improve in the environmental performance of the industry.

Recognising the diverse range of views of finfish aquaculture, SEPA is keen to hear directly from individuals, interest groups, NGOs, communities, companies and others with a view on the regulatory proposals.

Terry A’Hearn, Chief Executive of the Scottish Environment Protection Agency, said:

“Public consultation is crucial to help us develop and deliver a new regulatory framework which will protect the marine environment, for the people of Scotland. Our focus is firmly fixed on ensuring we get this right and capture the views of everyone who wants to shape the way we regulate.

“Consequently, across the last sixteen months we’ve done more science, more analysis and more listening than ever before. Our three week, Scotland-wide programme of engagement has provided an invaluable opportunity to interact with local communities on the key issues which matter most to them and hear directly from a diverse range of interests, including NGOs, marine and freshwater fishery groups and representatives of the industry.

“I would strongly encourage anyone with an interest in shaping the way the finfish aquaculture sector is regulated in the future, to have their say by 24 December, via sectors.sepa.org.uk,”

ENDS

NOTES TO EDITORS:


Sector Plans

SEPA is changing today, creating a world-class environment protection agency fit for the challenges of tomorrow. By moving away from the traditional site by site regulation to grounding our regulation and activities across whole sectors, we will shape our interactions with every sector and the businesses in them.

Sector plans will be at the heart of everything we do and will help regulated businesses operate successfully within the means of one planet. In every sector we regulate, we will have two simple aims.

We will ensure that:

  • every regulated business fully meets their compliance obligations
  • as many regulated businesses as possible will go beyond the compliance standards.

SEPA has launched a new, dedicated space on its website for sector plans https://sectors.sepa.org.uk

 

SEPA’s ‘Fish Farm Survey Report – Evaluation of a New Seabed Monitoring Approach to Investigate the Impacts of Marine Cage Fish Farms’

Undertaken by SEPA’s specialist marine scientists using the Sir John Murray research vessel, the research project examined environmental impacts from eight Scottish fish farms.  302 chemical samples were analysed from 93 sample stations and 296 ecological samples from 142 sample stations.

Samples for chemical analysis were analysed for the sea lice medicine Emamectin Benzoate (EmBz) and Teflubenzuron (Tef), last used in 2013.  The medicines were detected in 98% and 46% of samples respectively, with residues more widely spread in the environment around fish farms than had previously been found.  Moreover, the research concluded that the impacts of individual farms may not be contained to the vicinity of individual farms.

To full report is available to view and download from the dedicated consultation space via https://sectors.sepa.org.uk.  


Consultation Events

Further information on SEPA’s Finfish Aquaculture Sector Plan, including community consultation events, is available at https://sectors.sepa.org.uk.

* ‘Finfish’ are fish with fins as opposed to shellfish. Salmon, rainbow trout and brown trout are the main species farmed in Scotland.  ‘Aquaculture’ is the cultivation of freshwater or seawater organisms, including finfish or shellfish.