The research examines the total costs businesses face when investing in energy efficiency measures. The report examines non-capital or ‘hidden’ costs associated with investment in energy efficiency and low carbon technology, as well as the associated decision making and appraisal processes used by businesses.

Analysis is based on interviews with 30 organisations from a range of industries that predominantly made large investments in energy efficiency for industrial processes. Its findings are not intended to be definitive as the report looks at a small sample of organisations. However it provides a more detailed examination of how some businesses make decisions around energy efficiency.

This report was prepared by Eunomia Research & Consulting Ltd (Eunomia) in collaboration with Verco Advisory Services Ltd (Verco) and the Centre for Sustainable Energy (CSE), and was commissioned by the former Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS).

The Environment Agency consults the public on certain applications for waste operations, mining waste operations, installations, water discharge and groundwater activities. The arrangements are explained in its Public Participation Statement

These notices explain:

• what the application is about
• how you can view the application documents
• when you need to comment by

The Environment Agency will decide:

• whether to grant or refuse the application
• what conditions to include in the permit (if granted)

The Environment Agency publish permits that they issue under the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED).

This decision includes the permit letter, decision document for:

• Operator name: SNF Oil and Gas Ltd
• Installation name: Billingham Emulsion Plant
• Permit number: EPR/VP3439YG/A001

The Environment Agency publish permits that they issue under the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED).

This decision includes the permit and decision document for:

• Operator name: Biffa Waste Services Limited
• Installation name: Westmill II Waste Management Facility
• Permit number: EPR/DP3431PC/V013